Book type-writer.



No. 628,268.; Patented-July 4, i899.

J. W. JOHNSON.

BOOK .TYPE WRITER.

(Application filed Apr. 2; 1895.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheets- Sheet I.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR BY 5 A Wad, gr Z ATTORNYEYJ.

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No;'628,268. Patented My 4, I899.

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(Appticati'qn 5101i Apr. 9, 1895.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' (No Model.)

ATTORNEY w| NESSES:

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J. W. JOHNSON.

BOOK TYPE WRITER.

(Application filed Apr. 2, 1895.)

Patented July- 4, I899.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

I INVENTOR ATTORNEY m: NORRIS ravens cu. wmvuumo.v wAsHmEroN, u c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAHU IV. JOHNSON, OF HOUSTON, TEXAS.

BOOK'TYDPEI-WRITEVR' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.628,268, dated .l'uly 4, 1899.

Application filed April 2, 1895. Serial No. 544,203. (No model.)

To this end one feature of my improvements consists in any suitabletype-writing mechanism combined with means for holding a book orcollection of leaves with one of its pages or leaves in position toreceive the impression and with feed devices by which a relativestep-by-step or progressive movement is caused to take place between thetype-carrier and the said holding means.

It is a further object of my invention to provide an improved means forcarrying and.

operating the type and for producing the feed movement irrespective ofwhether or not the machine is adapted for book-writing, and this featureof my invention consists in a rotary and progressively movable typecarrier with means for communicating from a set of finger-keys thedesired movement of the individual type and the feed of the type-carriercombined with any suitable book or paper holder.

My invention further consists in the parts and combinations thereofhereinafter set forth and claimed.

In order to make my invention more clearly understood, I have shown inthe accompanying drawings means for carrying it into practical effectwithout limiting my improvements in their useful applications to theparticular construction which for the sake of illustration I havedelineated.

In said drawings,Figure 1 is a front view of a book type-writerembodyingaportion of myinvention and comprisinga table or desk adaptedto its requirements, the writing mechanism being omitted. Fig. 2 is aplan View of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of thebook-holder and desk, showing in end elevation the writing mechanism.Fig. at is a verticalsectional view of the writing mechanism and showinga portion of the bookholder. Fig.

5 is a plan view, partly in section, showing the type-wheel. Fig. 6 is avertical sectional View of the same on line VI VI, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is adetail elevation, partly in section, illustrating the means foractuating and controlling the armature-lever and hammer. Fig. 8

is a front elevation showing a portionof the type-wheel-actuatingmechanism. Fig. 9 is a plan view, partly in section, on line IX IX, Fig.4, illustrating the type-wheel and actuating mechanism. Fig. 10 is adetail view illustrating a portion of the mechanism for operating thespace-keys, the type-wheel-centering device, and the electric contactfor causing the movement of the type-.hammeiu Figs. 11 and 12 aredetails hereinafter described.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a frame having its various partsproperly constructed and disposed for the support and to permit theoperation of the fixed and movable parts of the machine. In theparticular construction about to be described the relative progressionor feed which takes place between the book or paper holder and thetype-carrier is produced by making the latter the movable part, whilethe said holder is stationary; but it will be understood that myinvention is not to be confined in all of its features to thisarrangement. The said frame comprises, preferably, a hollow base 2 openat the top and having a front plate 3 and end plates 4 and is adapted torest on a bottom plate 5, which may be the top of a table or desk A.Upon this frame is carried the typewriting mechanism hereinafterdescribed.

The book or leaf holder adapted for cooperation with such mechanism isshown at 6. It consists of upwardly and laterally movable parts, thelatter serving to give the letter and space feed along a line and theformer to give a feed fromline to line. The upwardly-movable part isshown at 7, by preference in the form of a platform fixed on a slide 8.slide [its and may reciprocate on guides 9 and has a rack l0,engaged bya rotary gear-pinion 11. The latter is mounted on a part of thedesk-frame or other fixed support, such as a bar 12, and is turned bysuitable mechanism at the end of each line or when desired so as toelevate the book the proper distance to bring level with the type thepart of the page The I next to be written 011. This mechanism comprisesa second pinion 13, meshing with the pinion 11 and fixed on a shaft 23,a ratchet 24, also fixed on the shaft, a pawl 14, pivoted at 15 on a bar16 and engaging'the ratchet, and a lever 17, pivotally mounted at 18 onthe desk. The front end 19 of this lever constitutes a line-space keyand is within convenient reach of the operator, who by depressing it maycause the rack, platform 7, and book (shown at B) to be elevated onespace, the lever and pawl being returned by a spring 20. The platform isretained in the position to which it is thus raised by a pawl 21, whichis pivoted on a bracket 22, carried by the bar 12.

25 is a push-bar controlled by a spring 26, sliding in guides 27 28 andhaving a pin 29, by which the pawls l4 and 21 may be both thrown out ofengagement with the ratchet 24, so as to permit the platform and book todescend and enable the upperend of the latter to be written on. Theplatform is thus lowered when a change in writing is to be made from thebottom of one page to the top of another. holder may be wholly or partlycounterbalanced, as by aspring 30, connected by a metal strap 31 withthe holder. Two sets of such devices are preferably employed, one ateach side of the desk.

The laterally-movable part of the book or leaf holder is indicated at32, consisting of a carriage mounted so as to move freely from side toside upon the platform 7, as by rollers This carriage is adapted for thesupport of a book in an upright position, and to this end may befurnished with standards 34, adapted to engage the back of the book, andwith holdiing devices 35, adapted to press against its front. Thenatural position of an open book being with its two portions at a slightangle to each other, the carriage 32 is formed in two or more parts 36and 37, hinged to each other at 38, so that while one part supports onehalf of the book opposite to the writing mechanism the other part of thecarriage may take position at an angle to the first-mentioned part, soas to properly support the other half of the book, Fig. 2. \Vhen it isdesired to change the place of writing from one leaf to another or fromone side to the other of the same leaf,

the carriage may be readily shifted laterally by hand. The subjacentleaves not ordinarily forming a proper backing to the leaf which is tobe written upon, I provide a platen adapted to be adjusted beneath suchleaf and situated at the level of the type, extending for the width ofthe page or the length of a line. Such platen is indicated at 39 and ispivotally mounted at 40 upon a standard 41, supported from the bar 12 orother fixed part. The platen is thus kept opposite the type and the bookmoves up relative to the platen when the platform 7 is actuated, asalready described. The platen receives an additional The weight of thebook andsupport at its outer end upon one or the other of the edges 42of the desk, where it may rest in a clip 43. Then the carriage 32 ismoved to the left-hand side of the desk, so that the right-hand pages ofthe book may be written upon, the platen 39 will be turned upon itspivot 40 so that its outer end will rest upon the righthand edge of thedesk or other equivalent support. It will then be in position to liebeneath the right-hand page of the book in a manner similar to thatwhich is illustrated in connection with the left-hand page in Fig. 2.For convenience for changing the pages of the book while on the carriagethe platform 7 is hinged at 44 to the slide 8, so that when saidplatform has reached its uppermost position at the top edge of the deskit maybe tipped backward. In such position the back of the book willrest against a rack 45, fixed 0n the platform, and said rack will inturn be supported bya fixed rack 46 at the back of the desk. form 7 inits normal position, I provide for it a catch or bolt 47, controlled bya spring 48 and adapted at its inner end to engage a recess 49 in theplatform 7. The said catch is mounted in one of two tables or extensions50, fixed on the slide 8 and level with the hinged platform 7. Saidextension serves to support that part of the carriage which for the timebeing is at one side of the desk.

51 indicates standards or guards fixed on the extensions 50 and adaptedto keep the parts of the carriage 32 from getting too far from theirproper positions.

Referring now to the writing mechanism, which I have adapted forcooperation with the book or leaf holder above described, 52 is alaterally-movable carriage constituting the main portion of thetype-carrier. It comprises, preferably, side plates 53, which areconnected together by cross-pieces 54, which are suitably perforated andwhich are mounted upon, by means of said perforations or bearings, asuitable number of transverse rock-shafts carried in bearings in the endplates 4 of the frame 1. In the construction illustrated these shaftsare four in number and are indicated at 55, 56, 57, and 58. Each shaftis formed with a groove 59, with which engages a correspondingtongue orprojection (50, the latter being formed with or carried by sleeves 61,62, 63, and 64, Fig. 4. These sleeves are confined between the plates 53of the carrier, and as the latter is moved from side to side of themachine in carrying the type step by step along the line or in returningto the left to begin a newline the sleeves move with the carrier, so asto be always kept in proper relation to the writing mechanism, which isalso supported by the carrier. It will thereoperated.

In order to hold the plat-- type (where two or more sets or stories oftype are employed) may be brought to the level of the line to bewritten, the type-carrier may be further turned or moved to bring theparticular type desired to be struck into a position perpendicular tothe page or leaf, and the said type may be moved toward the page toproduce the impression, and, finally, the type-carrier as a whole may bemoved for a space along the line to be written.

Referring now particularly to that portion of the carrier in which thetype are immediately supported, is an oscillatory wheel of easingmounted upon a vertical sleeve 66,

which forms a bearing for the movements ofthe wheel, to this end beingfitted upon a fixed post or journal 67, so that it may both turn andmovevertically upon the journal.- The latter is fixed by a set-screw 68 in asocket 69, formed in a cross piece or plate 70 of the carriage 52.

The individual type are indicated at 71, having faces formed with theusual orany desired characters and having shanks or stems 72 fitting inradial bearings in the wheel 65 in such manner that they move inward andoutward relative to the Wheel for the production of their impressionsupon the book or paper. For the sake of lightness I prefer to form theradial bearings for the type-stems in one or more rings of hard rubberor vulcanized fiber. Such a ring is indicated at 76 in Fig. 5'and isprovided with inner and outer vertical flanges-73 74, in which areformed recesses 75 of a height and width equal to the dimensions of thetype-stems. these rings 76 the type-wheel may be readily built up tocarry as many banks or stories of type as may be desiredfor instance,one of such banks carrying the lower-case letters, another theupper-case letters, and a third carrying numbers, punctuation-marks, andother characters. 1n the construction illustrated three of such ringsare'employed; but it will be understood that their number and thearrangement of type therein will depend upon the'desired' capacity ofthe ma chine and the uses for which it is intended.

For convenience in use and in order that it may not be necessary to turnthe type-wheel for more than about a quarter of a revolution I haveformed the recesses 75 in only a halfcircumference of the rings 76. Incombining several of these rings with the rest of the type-wheel thebottoms of the upper rings will rest upon the type below and confinethem in their recesses, while the upper set of type will be held inplace by the top plate 77 of the wheel. For retracting each type afterit has made its impression I provide each set of them with a wire 78,arranged in the annular space 79 of the type-ring and situated in slotsor recesses 80, formed in or through the type-stems 72. Interposed in orconnected with each retracting-wire 78 is a spring or springs 81, whichwill be extended by the outward movement of the type and whose tenthesleeve 84 in its vertical movement.

By the use of sion upon the wire 78 will serve to retract the Each slot80 extends outward for a distance substantially equal to the outwardmovement of a type in making its impression, so that a single type andits retracting wire or device 78 may move outward without similarlymoving any other type. Thus although several or many type have a commonretracting device in making an impression no more power is required thanis sufficient to actuate a single type.

The arrangement of thetype will ordinarily be such that the lower-caseletters and characters most commonly used willbe in that set or banksaythe top setwhich is normally on a level with the inking device and theline to be written, and when it is desired to bring another set of typeinto operative position the type-wheel is moved vertically for adistance equal to the space between that set of type already in use andthe other set which it is desired to employ. This movementis efiected byan arm 82, fixed on the sleeve 63 and engaging by its end beneath ashoulder on the sleeve 66 or some part connected therewith. Saidshoulder need not, however, be rigid with the sleeve 66, and I haveillustrated it at 83 as formed upon a sleeve 84. The latter is beneathand supports the lower end of the sleeve 66 and is provided with a screw85, which enters a vertical groove 86 in the post 67 and guides Theshoulder 83 preferably consists of two project-ions, one at each side ofthe post and engaged by the forked end of the arm 82. The rock-shaft57,-carrying the sleeve 63, is operated by an arm 87, fixed on its endand connected by a link 88 with an arm 89 on a rockshaft 90. The latteris mounted in bearings in the base of the frame 1 and has fixed upon itan arm 91, carrying pins or projections 92 93. These pins are engaged byslotted or perforated links 9t 95, connected at theirupper endsby'pivots 96 97 with the inner ends of key-levers 98 99. Said levers arefulcrumed at 100 in the base of the machine upon a bracket 101 and attheir outer ends are provided with suitable keys having the words Caps,Figs, or other suitable designation of that bank of type which each keyis adapted by its depression to bring into operative position. Thekey-levers 98 and 99 are caused to have different throws, so that theywill raise the type-wheel difierent distances by means of one or morestop-screws 102, fixed in the frame beneath their outer arms. The keysabove referred to form a part of the keyboard 103, and the leversalready described and the other levers from the keys of said board passthrough and are guided by slots 104in the front plate 3 of the frame 1.

105 is a stop-plate arranged across the slots 104 and beneath thekey-levers. This stop is vertically adjustable by means of screws 106,which pass through slots in it, so that the downward movement of thekey-levers may be properly limited.

107 is a doubled or grooved plate arranged across the front of themachine above the key-'levers'and adapted to hold a strip of rubber 108or equivalent cushioning material, against which the key-levers maystrike without noise as they return to position. This cushion-holder mayalso be adjustable by means of screws 109 passing through slots therein.I prefer to return the rock-shafts 57 and irrespective of thegravitating effect of the type-wheel and provide the shaft 90 with anarm 110, between which and some fixed part of the machine is arranged aspring 111. .The key-levers 98 and 99 are alsoindependently returned toposition by springs 112. The type-wheel being at the desired level orhaving been raised to such level by the mechanism already described, itis upon each key-stroke turned sufiieiently to bring opposite to theplace of impression the type desired to be impressed. This turning ofthe type-wheel is effected by a rack or racks-113 sliding in guides 114upon a bar 115, fixed in the carrier 52. Said rack engages a pinion 116,fixed on the sleeve 66 and made of suflicient length that the verticalmovement of the type-wheel will not carry the pinion out of engagementwith the rack. The said rack is connected by a bar 117 and link 118 withan arm 120, fixed on the sleeve 62, said bar 117 being preferably guidedin its reciprocation by a grooved roller or rollers 121, fixed on a part122 of the carrier 52. In order to minimize the angle through which thetype-whee1 must be turned and correspondingly the power required tooperate the machine, I provide for turning said wheel in eitherdirection, andconsequently combine with the pinion 116 two of the racks113. racks is connected by a bar 123 and link 124 with an arm 125, fixedon the sleeve 61. The turning of the rock shaft 55 will consequentlybring one half of the type-wheel into operation-say the right-handhalf-while the turning of the rock-shaft 56 will bring the type on theother half of the wheel into use. Said rock-shafts are actuated for thispurpose by bars 126 and 127, fixed upon the said shaft, as by arms 128,each of which bars is provided with a series of projections or screws129. Said projections are engaged by links 130, formed with a slot 131for the purpose, while the lower ends of said links are pivotallyconnected at 132 each with a key-lever 133. The latter are preferablyfulcru med upon a knife-edge 134, engaging a recess 135 in the loweredge of the levers and are guided at their front ends in the plate 3.Therear ends of the key-levers are similarly guided in a slottedframe-plate 136 and are held downward and returned to place after eachkey-stroke by springs 137. In order that each key may turn thetype-wheel through the angle required to bring into position the Famedesired to be impressed, i 1; will be un der- The second of said stoodthat various means may be employed.

I prefer to make the strokes of the key-levers uniform in length and bydifferently arranging the projections 129 and slots 131 relative to eachother. Thus where the slots are of uniform length, as in theconstruction illustrated, I arrange the projections 129 at differ-.

ent heights upon the bars 126 and 127, Fig. 8, so that one of the links130 will have more lost motion than another and will conse quently turnthe type-wheelthrough a less angle. In order to provide for accurateadjustment, I interpose in each of said links a turnbuckle or equivalenttake-up 138. I do not, however, depend upon this last-means ofadjustment for bringing the various type into accurate position, butprefer to center each type just at or before the moment of impression. Iaccomplish this by forming in or attaching to the rim of the type-wheelanotched rack 139, the notches of which are formed with inclined sides,with the apex of the notches so arranged relative to the type that whenone of the notches is brought into a predetermined position itscorresponding type will be accurately centered opposite the point wherethe impression is to be made upon the book or paper. I provide for thuscentering the notches by a lever 140, having a knifeedge 141 andpivotally mounted at 142 in the carrier 52. The lever 140 has a pawl orprojection or arm 143, with which, or with an adjusting-screw 144 inwhich, is adapted to engage an arm 145, fixed on the sleeve 64. Therock-shaft 58, which actuates said sleeve, is in turn operated by an arm146, Fig. 10, fixed upon it, a link 147, connecting said arm withanother crank-arm 148, a rock-shaft 149, journaled in the base of theframe 1, arms150 on the latter shaft, links 151, connecting the arms 150with arms 152 onjournals 153, arms 154, also fixed on said journals,which latter are mounted in the frame 1, and a bar 155, carried by thearms 154 and arranged transversely of the machine just above the innerarms of the key-levers, so that the depression of the outer end of anyone of said key-levers will cause the bar 155 to be raised. Thismovement, through the train of mechanism just described, will turn theshaft 58, depress the arm 145, and move forward into engagement with therack 139 the centering-lever 140. For purposes of individual adjustmentI prefer that the engagement between the key-levers and the bar 155 maytake place through the medium of adjusting-screws 156, Fig. 4.

The particular type desired having been brought into position, I preferto move it against the book or paper by a motor to a certain extentindependent of the key-lever, but adapted to be brought into operationby the movement of the latter, thus relieving the fingers of theoperator from this additional amount of work. In the constructionillustrated said motor is electrical, in the form of a magnet 157, fixedupon a cross-bar 158 in the carrier 52. A batteryor other suitablegenerator is connected with the circuit of the magnet 157, and saidcircuit is connected at one end with an insulated bar 159, fixed in theframe 1, and at the other end with the main frame of the machine.

160 is a brush carried by a conductingspring 161 andadapted to bear uponthe bar 159 as the carrier 52 moves transversely in the main frame. Thespring 161 is mounted upon a'fixedinsulating-block 162 in the carrier 52and is electrically connected bya conductor 163 with a contact-spring16%, also mounted in the carrier 52.

165 is an adjustable contact-screw mounted on the centering-arm 140 andadapted to form an electric contact with the spring164: whenever saidarm moves forward. Said contact is arranged to take place just as orafter the type is centered and energize the -magnet 1'57. 166 is thearmature of said magnet, carried by the lower arm 167 of a lever 168,and the upper end of the lever is furnished with a hammer-head 169,situated within the typewheel and adapted when moved forward to strikethe rear end of that type which has been brought into place, overcomethe ten sion of the spring or springs 81, and cause the type to make itsimpression.

To guard against battering the type and give a certain elasticity to theblow of the hammer, I prefer to form the striking portion 170 ofthe sameof ebonite or equivalent material. The forward or striking movement ofthe hammer is caused by the attraction of the energized magnet upon thearmature 166, and after the finger-key has been released and the contactbetween the parts 16 1 165 consequently broken the hammer and armatureare returned to their normal position (shown in Fig. 1) by aretracting-spring 171, Fig. 7, which connects a post 172 on the bar withan arm 173 on the axis 174 of the hammer. Such backward movement islimited and the armature kept within proper distance of the magnet-polesby means of an adjustable stopscrew 174, mounted in the arm 173 andadapted to engage the post 172.

At the end of each key-stroke the carrier 52 is automatically advancedone space transversely of the machine. This movement is given by a cord175, Fig. 3, connected with the carrier 52 and with a drum 176, fixed onthe main frame 1 and operated by an internal spring in a well-knownmanner, so as to cause the carrier 52 to be constantly drawn from theleft toward the right of the machine. This movement is made intermittentby spacing-dogs 177 of any suitable character pivotally mounted at 178in the carrier and engaging a fixed rack 179 on the bar 180 of the mainframe. Said spacer is operated by an arm 181, connecting its rear end,Fig. 4, with a link 182, the other end of said link being pivoted to anarm 183 on the sleeve 64. The latter is operated at each key-stroke bythe mechanism already described, and the spacer is consequently at eachof such strokes caused to release the carrier 52 from one tooth of therack 179, and a movement of the carrier to the next tooth is immediatelycaused by the tension-cord 175. It is frequently desirable to disengagethe type-carrier from the feed- -rack, and I accomplish this by afinger-lever 181,*pivoted at 185 in the carrier and having its lower endengaged with a collar 186 on a sliding rod 187. The latter slides in abearing in an arm 188, fixed on the cross-bar 132, and is connected withor carries a downwardly extending arm 189,w'hich is preferablybifurcated and engages the axis 1780f the spacer at each side of thelatter. The ends of said axis are mounted in slots 190, formed in theside plates of the carrier, so that the inward movement of the rod 187is enabled to move the said axis and the spacer away from the rack, thusentirely releasing the type-carrier. The parts are kept in their normalposition, Fig. 4:, by means of a spring 191 on the rod 187 andinterposed between a collar 192 thereon and the arm 188.

193 is a slotted adjustable stop secured by a screw 194. to a cross-bar195.within the carrier. Said stop is situated so as to limit thebackward movement of the arm 140, which latter movement is effected by aspring 196, connecting the arm with the stop. In order to lessen orprevent vibration of the typewheel, I provide a stop for its turningmovement.

197 is a shaft mounted in the carrier 52 and provided with a pinion 198,loose thereon and engaging a rack 197, formed on the rack-bar 113, and198 is a ratchet or ratchet-segment connected and turning with thepinion.

199 is an arm connected with the arm 1,43 and carrying a knife-edge orstop 200, adapted to engage said ratchet. (See detail Fig. 12.) The saidparts are so adjusted that at or about the time when the lever 140engages the typewheelthe stop 200 will be brought into engagement withthe ratchet and prevent the typewheel from turning farther in thedirection in which the last key impulse has thrown it.

With the writing mechanism thus organized various inking means may beemployed. I prefer an inked ribbon 201, mounted upon spools 202 anddirected by suitable guides between the type-wheel and the platen 39,Fig. 4. The said spools may be turned by hand IIO to feed the ribbon orin any otherknown manner. Just at the point where the type engages theribbon the latter is held in place by a guide 203,having perforations orslits 20 i for the ribbon and formed with an aperture 205, through whichthe type may force the ribbon to make its impression upon the book. Thisguide also performs the function of holding the ribbon from contact withthe book, excepting when it is impressed upon it, as aforesaid.

In order to maintain the engagement of the racks 113 with the pinion116, I fix upon the sleeve 66 a plate 206, provided with curved arms207, which are adapted to encircle pins 208 as the pinion oscillates.Those pins are fixed in the racks 113, and the latter are thus held tothe pinion and the return of the typewheel to normal position insured,the racks being retracted for this purpose by springs 209. In the normalposition of the parts the pins 208 lie immediately in front of the endsof the arms 207 (see Fig. 11) and prevent any movement of the type-wheelexcept when a key is moved, thereby moving one or the other of the pinsfrom stopping position.

\Vhat is claimed is 1. The combination with a type writing mechanism, ofa book-holder therefor comprising a vertically-movable support, abookcarrier movable horizontally on said support,

and a stationary platen for the leaf independent of the holder andcarrier, as set forth.

2. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support and a jointedbook-carrier free to accommodate itself to the natural bend of the bookwhen open and movable horizontally on said support, as set forth.

S. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, ofa book-holdertherefor adapted to support the book vertically with respect to saidmechanism, mounted for free horizontal movement with respect to thetype-writing mechanism,and jointed to accommodate itself to the naturalbend of the book when open, as set forth. 7

4.' The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor adapted to support the book vertically with respect to saidmechanism, mounted for free horizontal movement with respect to thetype-writing mechanism and jointed to accommodate itself to the naturalbend of the book when open, and a platen for one of the leaves of thebook fixed with respect to the movements of the book-holder, as setforth.

5. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support and a book-carriermovable horizontally on said support, and jointed to accommodate itselfto the natural bend of the book when open, and a platen for a book-leaffixedly supported with respect to the vertical movements of thebook-holder, as set forth.

6. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-carrieradapted to support the book vertically with respect to said mechanismand jointed to accommodate itself to the natural bend of the book whenopen, as set forth.

7. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-carrieradapted to support the book vertically with respect to said mechanismand jointed to accommodate itself to the natural bend of the book whenopen, and a platen for a leaf common to the right and left hand pages ofthe book, as set forth.

8. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-carrieradapted to support the book vertically with respect to said mechanismand consisting of a plurality of pieces jointed together, and a supportand coacting clamp for the outer edges of the book, as set forth.

9. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-carrieradapted to sup port the book vertically with respect to said mechanism,and consisting of a plurality of pieces jointed together, a support andcoacting clamp for the outer edges of the book, and a platen for anunclamped book-leaf, as set forth.

10. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support hinged at its rear edgefor backward tilting, and a book-carrier movable horizontally on saidsupport, as set forth.

11. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support hinged at its rear edgefor backward tilting, a rear rest or rack for the book, abook-carriermovable horizontally on said support, and a fixed inclined rest or rackfor limiting the backward tilting of the book-holder, as set forth.

12. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support and a book-carrierhorizontally movable on said support, a counterbalance for the support,a pawl-and-ratchet mechanism for elevating progressively the support andcarrier, and a stationary platen for the leaf mounted independent of theholder and carrier, as set forth.

13. The combination with a type-writing mechanism, of a book-holdertherefor comprising a vertically-movable support and a book-carrierhorizontally movable on said support, a counterbalance for the support,means for progressively elevating the bookholder, means fordisconnecting said elevating means to permit the free-hand movement ofthe book-holder, and a stationary platen for the leaf mountedindependent of the holder and carrier, as set forth.

14. The combination with a laterally-movable type -writing mechanism, ofa bookholder therefor comprising a vertically-movable support and abook-carrier horizontally movable on the support, and a stationaryplaten for the leaf supported independent of said holder and carrier, asset forth.

15. The combination with a laterally-movable type-Writing mechanism, ofa bookholder therefor comprising a vertically-movable support and abook-carrier horizontally movable on the support, and a platen for thebook-leaf mounted independent of and fixed with respect to the verticalmovements of the support, as set forth.

16. The combination of a type-wheel formed with radial recesses,individual horizontally and independently movable types mounted therein,a retracting device extending around and connected at one point to saidwheel and engaging the several types, and means for projecting a typeradially outward through its recess, as set forth.

17. The combination of a type-ring formed with radial recesses and witha groove eX- tending .around the ring, individual horizontally andindependently movable types mounted in said recesses and formed withslots or recesses, a retracting device situated in the groove of thering connected at one point to the ring and engaging the slots orrecesses of the types, and means for projecting a type radially outwardthrough its recess, as set forth. 1

18. The combination of a type-wheel and means for actuating the same ona fixed journal, of a centering device comprising a notched platecarried by the type-wheel, a movable arm for engaging the same,mechanism for preliminarily actuating said arm, and means for.thereafter actuating an individual type, as set forth.

19. The combination of a relatively-fixed type-wheel,individually-movable type carried by said wheel, a pinion connected withsaid wheel, racks for independently engaging the opposite sides of saidpinion, meansfor independently moving either of said racks forpredetermined distances, and means for actuating individual type, as setforth.

20. The combination of a type-Wheel, apinion connected therewith, racksfor independently engaging the opposite sides of said pinion andcarrying projections, arms connected with the type-wheel havingconcentric surfaces adapted to engage said projections, and means forreciprocating the racks, as set forth.

21. The combination with means for holding the surface to be printedupon, of a horizontally-rotary type-wheel, a laterally-movable carriertherefor, a rack for rotating said wheel, means for moving individualtype in said wheel, and means carried by the typewheel for temporarilyholding the rack inits moved position, as set forth.

22. The combination with means for holdin g the surface to be printedupon, and means for progressively moving said holding means vertically,of a horizontal type-wheel, a laterally-movable carrier therefor, atransverse rock-shaft parallel with the movement of the carrier, andmechanism connecting said shaft with the wheel for turning the latter.

23. The combination with a horizontallyrotary and bodily-movabletype-wheel and a vertical axis therefor, of a laterally-movable carriertherefor, a transverse rockshaft, mechanism connecting the latter withsaid carrier for moving the latter and wheel bpdily, and means forturning the wheel.

24. A type-wheel for type-writers consisting of a plurality of annularlygrooved or recessed rings mounted one upon the other and having radialhorizontal recesses adapted to receive the individual andindependently-movable type between the rings, as set forth.

.25. The combination of a type-wheel, racks for oscillating the same,pinions engaging said racks, ratchets connected with the pinions, andpositively-mounted detents for engaging said ratchets to arrest thetype-wheel, as set forth.

26. The combination with a type-writing mechanism of a transverserock-shaft, a bar carried thereby, a series of differentially-arrangedprojections on said bar, a series of slotted links engaging saidprojections, and keys connected with said links, as set forth.

27. The combination with arelatively-fixed type-wheel, havingindependently-movable type and means for moving the type in the wheel,of means for oscillating the same, an arm movable with the type-wheeland a stop engaging said arm and movable with said means for releasingthe type-wheel, as set forth.

28. The combination with the relativelyfixed type-wheel, havingindependently-movable type and means for moving the type in the wheel,of means for oscillating the same, a ratchet movable with the type-wheeland a knife-edge or stop engaging said ratchet, as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twowitnesses. JAHU W. JOHNSON. Witnesses:

GEO. H. GRAHAM, E. L. TODD.

